Oxford Revise AQA GCSE Combined Science Foundation | Chapter P6 answers

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Answers

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Mark

AO / Specification reference

01.1

0.004 m

4 × 10^-3 m

1

1

AO1

AO2

6.4.1.1

01.2

0.004 × 10 000

= 40 m

1

1

AO2

6.4.1.1

01.3

20 m from the pea

1

AO3

6.4.1.1

01.4

1 × 10^-10 m

1

AO1/1

6.4.1.1

02.1

a positive mass

with negatively charged electrons embedded in it

1

1

AO1

02.2

atoms are tiny spheres that cannot be divided

1

AO1

02.3

most alpha particles went straight through a gold foil

but some came back

1

1

03.1

three

1

AO2

6.4.1.2

03.2

seven

1

AO2

6.4.1.2

03.3

three

1

AO2

6.4.1.2

03.4

loses

positive

1

1

AO1

6.4.1.2

04.1

B, C, A, D

B before C

C before A

A before D

1

1

1

AO2

6.4.1.1

6.4.1.2

6.4.1.3

04.2

alpha

gold

most

some

most

1

1

1

1

1

AO1

6.4.1.3

04.3

a place/orbit that is a certain distance from the nucleus where you find an electron

1

AO1

6.4.1.3

04.4

lower, higher

B

must be this order

1

1

AO2

6.4.1.1

04.5

tiny spheres that could not be divided

1

AO1

6.4.1.2

6.4.1.3

05.1

six

eight

1

1

AO2

6.4.1.2

05.2

isotopes

1

AO1

6.4.1.2

05.3

no charge

electron

1

1

AO1

6.4.1.1

6.4.1.2

05.4

1

AO1

6.4.1.2

06.1

ten

1

AO2

4.4.1.2

06.2

the number of electrons is the same as the number of protons

1

AO1

4.4.1.1

06.3

A and B

1

AO1

4.4.1.2

06.4

isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

1

AO1

4.4.1.2

06.5

+1

1

AO2

6.4.1.2

06.6

nucleus

1

AO1

6.4.1.1

07.1

plum pudding – negative electrons embedded within a ball of positive charge

nuclear model – mass of an atom is concentrated in the central nucleus

model with energy levels – electrons orbit nucleus at specific distances

all lines correct for two marks

one line correct for one mark

2

AO1

6.4.1.3

07.2

experimental

electron

1

1

AO1

6.4.1.3

07.3

the models have equal number of positive and negative charges

1

AO3

6.4.1.3

07.4

Level 3: Detailed description of the results of the alpha scattering experiment, with at least two observations and the relevant conclusions of the structure of the atom given. Discovery of energy levels, protons, and neutrons also described.

5-6

AO1

6.4.1.3

Level 2: Description of the results of the alpha scattering experiment, with at least one observation and the relevant conclusion of the structure of the atom given. Discovery of energy levels, protons, or neutrons also described.

3-4

Level 1: Brief description of either an observation of the alpha scattering experiment given, discovery of energy levels, discovery of protons, or discovery of neutrons.

1-2

No relevant content.

0

Indicative content:

• alpha scattering experiment
• alpha particles fired at gold foil
• most passed through – most of an atom must be empty space
• some bounced back – mass of an atom must be concentrated in the centre of the atom
• some were deflected – central mass must be positively charged
• led to development of nuclear model
• (Niels) Bohr adapted nuclear model
• electrons at specific distances from nucleus/electrons arranged in energy levels
• used theoretical calculations to support model
• other experiments developed idea that nucleus was split into protons with positive charge
• (James) Chadwick found evidence for neutrons

08.1

31

1

AO2

6.4.1.1

08.2

200

1

AO2

6.4.1.1

08.3

= 0.015 pm

1

1

AO2

6.4.1.1

08.4

the atomic number = 31

the atomic mass = 70 + 2 = 72

allow 72 with no working

1

1

AO2

6.4.1.2

09.1

shower

1

AO2

6.2.4.2

09.2

energy = 5000 × 900

= 4 500 000

J

1

1

1

AO1

AO2

6.2.4.2

09.3

less

less

less

1

1

1

AO3

6.2.4.2

09.4

earth — green and yellow stripes

live — neutral

neutral — blue

in any order

3

AO1

6.2.3.2

10.1

one mark for each bar plotted correctly

3

AO2/2

6.1.3

10.2

2013 – 2014

1

AO2/2

6.1.3

10.3

solar power is renewable/does not contribute to climate change

1

AO3

6.1.3