Oxford Revise AQA GCSE Combined Science Foundation | Chapter P5 answers

P5: Energy of matter

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Answers

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Mark

AO / Specification reference

01.1

solid state — particles close together and vibrating

liquid state — particles close together and moving

gas state —particles moving fast and far apart

two marks for all lines correct

one mark for one line correct

2

AO1

6.3.1.1

01.2

gas

1

AO1

6.3.1.1

01.3

stays the same

conserved

1

1

AO1

6.3.1.2

02.1

mass

energy transferred

1

AO1

6.3.2.3

02.2

correct method that explains:

– how to measure the energy

– how to measure the mass of water

– how to calculate the specific latent heat.

for example:

measure the mass of the beaker.

connect the immersion heater to joulemeter

place the ice in the beaker with the immersion heater.

put the beaker under the funnel.

turn on the immersion heater. leave it on while the ice melts and turn it off.

measure the mass of the water and beaker

subtract the mass of the beaker to find the mass of water

divide the energy by the mass to find the specific latent heat

6

AO1

6.3.2.3

03.1

\(\rm{density} =
\frac{{{\rm{mass}}}}{{{\rm{volume}}}}
\)

1

AO1

6.3.1.1

03.2

correct method that describes:

  • how to measure the mass of the liquid (e.g., measure the mass of a beaker, measure the mass of the beaker and liquid, subtract the mass of the beaker to find the mass of the liquid)
  • how to measure the volume of the liquid (e.g., use a measuring cylinder)
  • \(\rm{how \ to \ calculate \ density}
    \left( {\frac{{{\rm{mass}}}}{{{\rm{volume}}}}} \right)
    \)

2

1

1

AO1

6.3.1.1

03.3

beaker of treacle

1

AO3

6.3.1.1

03.3

\(0.80 =
\frac{{{\rm{mass}}}}{{{\rm{150}}}}
\)

mass = 0.80 × 150 = 120 g

1

1

AO2

6.3.1.1

04.1

vibrating

potential

moving fast

kinetic

1

1

1

1

AO1

4.3.2.1

04.2

the internal energy changes from mainly potential

to mainly kinetic/more kinetic

do not accept answers involving solids/liquids/gases

1

1

AO1

4.3.2.1

04.3

the particles in a gas are in random motion

1

AO1

4.3.2.1

05.1

volume = 20 × 5 × 4

= 400 cm3

1

1

AO2

6.3.1.1

05.2

\(\rm{density} =
\frac{{{\rm{mass}}}}{{{\rm{volume}}}}
\)

1

AO1

6.3.1.1

05.3

\(\rm{density} =
\frac{{{\rm{300}}}}{{{\rm{4000}}}}
\)

= 0.75

g/cm3

1

1

1

AO1

AO2

6.3.1.1

05.4

bigger

1

AO2

6.3.1.1

05.5

yes

the density of the block is lower than the density of water

1

1

AO3

6.3.1.1

06.1

random

1

AO2

6.3.3.1

06.2

the temperature of the gas inside the tyre is related to — the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules

if the volume the gas stays the same then — increasing the temperature will increase the pressure

if the molecules are moving faster then — the pressure of the gas will be bigger

all lines correct for two marks

one line correct for one mark

2

AO2

6.3.3.1

06.3

bigger

quickly

1

1

AO3

6.3.3.1

07.1

bar chart

one of the variables is categoric/words

1

AO1

6.1.1.3

07.2

660 – 20

= 640 (°C)

one mark for 576 000

1

1

AO2

6.1.1.3

07.3

energy = mass × specific heat capacity × temperature difference

= 0.001 × 900 × 640

= 576 (J)

1

1

AO3

6.1.1.3

07.4

correct suggestion e.g.,

gold has a lower melting point

so takes less time/energy to heat before it melts

2

AO3

08.1

volume before = 70 cm3

volume after = 85 cm3

volume of clay = 85 cm3 – 70 cm3

= 15 cm3

1

1

AO2

AO3

4.3.1.1

08.2

2.5 cm3

1

AO3

08.3

digital balance/top pan balance

1

AO1

08.4

\(\rm{density} =
\frac{{{\rm{mass}}}}{{{\rm{volume}}}}
\)
\(\rm{allow \ }\rho =
\frac{{\rm{m}}}{{\rm{v}}}
\)

1

AO1

08.5

\(\rm{density} =
\frac{{{\rm{23}}{\rm{.41}}}}{{{\rm{15}}}}
\)

= 1.56 g/cm3

accept 1.56 or 1.6 with no working shown for two marks

1

1

AO2

4.3.1.1

08.6

measure the length of each side (in cm)/measure the length, breadth and height

cube the answer/multiply length × breadth × height

1

1

AO1

4.3.1.1

09.1

B

D

the temperature isn’t changing/doesn’t change

even though the substance is being heated

1

1

1

AO2

AO3

4.3.1.2

09.2

solid

it changes state twice/goes from solid to liquid, then liquid to gas

1

AO3

4.3.1.2

09.3

A

1

AO1

4.3.1.2

09.4

two from:

  • A
  • C
  • E

1

1

AO1

4.3.1.2

10.1

the dry ice changes from a solid to a gas — sublimation

water changes from a liquid to a gas — evaporation

the water ice changes from a solid to a liquid — melting

steam changes from a gas to a liquid — condensation

three marks for all lines correct

two marks for two or three lines correct

one line correct for one mark

3

AO2

6.3.1.2

10.2

the material recovers its original properties if the process is reversed

1

AO2

6.3.1.2

10.3

the energy transferred to the dry ice increases the internal energy of the dry ice

the energy transferred to the dry ice makes the particles move further apart

1

1

AO3

6.3.1.2

6.3.2.1

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