Oxford Revise AQA GCSE Combined Science Foundation | Chapter P2 answers

P2: National and global energy resources

Question

Answers

Extra information

Mark

AO / Specification reference

01.1

tides

biofuels

1

1

AO1

6.1.3

01.2

a resource that will not run out in the near future

1

AO1

6.1.3

01.3

correct resource e.g., biofuel/wood

1

AO1

6.1.3

02.1

the data are not continuous/the names are categoric

1

AO2

02.2

number of renewables has increased

from one in 1990 to three in 2017

1

1

AO2

4.1.3

02.3

total fossil fuels in 1990 = 230 + 20 + 0 = 250

total fossil fuels in 2017 = 20 + 10 + 140 = 170

change = (250 – 170 =) 80

1

1

1

AO2

4.1.3

02.4

coal

plausible reason: coal more expensive/less available/too polluting

1

1

AO2

AO3

4.1.3

03.1

hydroelectric power — falling water drives a turbine, which drives a generator

wind power — moving air drives a turbine, which drives a generator

tidal power — moving water twice a day drives a turbine, which drives a generator

solar power — light from the sun produces a potential difference directly

three marks for all four lines correct

two marks for three lines correct

one mark for one or two line(s) correct

3

AO1

6.1.3

03.2

correct consequence – e.g., destruction of habitat for wildlife

1

AO1

6.1.3

03.3

correct energy resource e.g., wave power

1

AO1

6.1.3

04.1

two marks for all bars correct

one mark for one or two bars correct

2

AO2

6.1.3

04.2

they have gone down/decreased

1

AO2

6.1.3

04.3

greenhouse gases contribute to climate change

1

AO1

6.1.3

05.1

one that is being (or can be) replenished as it is used

1

AO1

6.1.3

05.2

66

1

AO2

6.1.3

05.3

tidal

1

AO1

6.1.3

05.4

not always reliable

1

AO1

6.1.3

06.1

\( \textrm{power} = \frac{\textrm{energy transferred}}{\textrm{time}}\)

1

AO1

6.1.1.4

06.2

\(
\begin{align}
& \textrm{power} = \frac{4\;500\;000}{600}\\
& = 7500\\
& \textrm{W}
\end{align}
\)

1

1

1

AO1

AO2

6.1.1.4

06.3

the more powerful shower transfers the same amount of energy in a shorter time

1

AO2

6.1.1.4

07.1

wind/solar

other renewables

hydroelectricity

two marks for all three correct

one mark for one or two correct

2

AO1

6.1.3

07.2

18 + 9 + 2

= 29%

(yes) > 15%

1

1

1

AO2

AO3

6.1.3

07.3

one from:

  • geothermal
  • wave
  • tidal
  • biofuel

1

AO1

6.1.3

08.1

two from:

  • oil
  • coal
  • (natural) gas

one mark for each correct answer up to a maximum of two marks

2

AO1

4.1.3

08.2

suitable resource e.g., hydroelectric, tidal power

one mark for name of resource

1

AO1

4.1.3

08.3

two comments e.g.,

(as reliable than fossil fuels)

tides happen regularly/twice a day

or

water can be released from a lake on demand

and

(less reliable than fossil fuels)

the height/time of tides varies

or

rainfall to fill the lake is variable idea of droughts

2

AO3

4.1.3

08.4

carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas

it contributes to climate change

1

1

AO1

4.1.3

08.5

suitable comment e.g.,

power station affects habitats of wildlife

1

AO2

4.1.3

09.1

oil

1

AO1

6.1.3

09.2

the data are not continuous

the names are categoric

1

AO2

6.1.3

09.3

correct suggestion e.g., cars were not adapted/able to use biofuels

1

AO3

6.1.3

09.4

(no)

correct suggestion e.g., growing biofuels affects habitats of plants and animals/burning biofuels produces carbon dioxide/contributes to climate change

or

(yes)

biofuels are carbon neutral because the plants they are obtained from take in carbon dioxide when they are growing which offsets the amount given off when they are burned

no mark for answer alone

mark for correct justification of answer

1

AO3

6.1.3

10.1

the cup is made of polystyrene

which is a good insulator

1

AO3

6.1.2.1

10.2

correct suggestion e.g., so that the water is all at the same temperature

1

AO1

6.1.2.1

10.3

change in temperature = 48.0 – 20.0

= 28.0

1

AO2

6.1.1.3

10.4

(change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature)

\(
\begin{align}
& 30\;000 = 0.25 \times \textrm{specific heat capacity} \times 28.0\\
& \textrm{specific heat capacity } = \frac{30\;000}{0.25 \times 28}\\
& = 4285(.8)\\
& = 4290\ (\textrm{J}/\textrm{kg}^{\circ}\textrm{C})
\end{align}
\)

answer given to three significant figures

1

1

1

AO2

6.1.1.3

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