Oxford Revise AQA GCSE Combined Science Foundation | Chapter P10 answers

P10: Newton's Laws of Motion

Question

Answers

Extra information

Mark

AO / Specification reference

01.1

Newton’s first law — motion doesn’t change unless a force acts on it

Newton’s second law — acceleration depends on force and mass

Newton’s third law — forces come in pairs

all correct for two marks

one correct for one mark

2

AO1

6.5.4.2.1

6.5.4.2.2

6.5.4.2.3

01.2

resultant force

1

AO1

6.5.4.2.2

01.3

not moving/stationary

or

moving with a constant velocity/steady speed in one direction

Newton’s first law

do not allow ‘steady speed’ on its own

1

1

AO1

6.5.4.2.1

02.1

no

there is no resultant force acting on the puck

1

1

AO1

6.5.4.2.1

02.2

no (the puck does not carry the force)

you need to apply a resultant force in the opposite direction

1

1

AO1

6.5.4.2.1

02.3

no

the force of the puck on the stick is the same magnitude as the force on the stick of the puck

1

1

AO1

6.5.4.2.3

02.4

yes

the speed does not change

but the direction does

1

1

1

AO3

6.5.4.2.2

03.1

thinking distance — is the distance the car travels while the driver reacts

braking distance — is the distance the car travels while the driver applies the brakes

stopping distance — is the thinking distance and braking distance added together

two marks for all lines correct

one mark for one line correct

2

AO1

6.5.4.3.1

03.2

0.5 s

1

AO1

6.5.4.3.2

03.3

speed

1

AO1

6.5.4.3.2

6.5.4.3.4

04.1

Factor

Affects thinking distance

Affects braking distance

Both

road conditions

 

 

distractions in the car

   

speed

one mark for each correct column

2

AO1

4.5.6.3.1

4.5.6.3.2

4.5.6.3.3

04.2

appropriate example,

tiredness

increases reaction time/if you are tired, your reaction time is greater

the thinking distance will increase

one mark for suitable condition affecting thinking distance

one mark for indication that the factor affects thinking distance

one mark for correct effect

1

1

1

AO1

4.5.6.3.2

04.3

appropriate example,

icy road conditions

increase the braking distance

the stopping distance will increase

one mark for suitable condition affecting braking distance

one mark for indication that stopping distance includes braking distance

one mark for correct effect

1

1

1

AO1

4.5.6.3.1

4.5.6.3.3

05.1

B

1

AO2

6.5.4.2.1

05.2

C

1

AO2

6.5.4.2.1

05.3

force = 3500 × 4

= 14 000 N

1

1

AO2

6.5.4.2.2

05.4

the track is not straight

1

AO3

6.5.4.2.1

06.1

moving at a steady speed

the same size as

1

1

AO2

6.5.4.2.1

06.2

different from

unbalanced

balanced

1

1

1

AO2

6.5.4.2.2

06.3

the car will slow down

1

AO3

6.5.4.2.2

07.1

one from:

  • the speed
  • mass of car/load in car
  • condition of tyres
  • condition of brakes

1

AO1

6.5.4.3.1

6.5.4.3.3

07.2

one mark for two or three bars correct

two marks for all bars correct

2

AO2

6.5.4.3.3

07.3

as the road conditions become more slippery, the braking distance increases

1

AO3

6.5.4.3.3

07.4

because there is less friction

1

AO3

6.5.4.3.3

07.5

to make the results more repeatable/to make sure the results don’t include outliers/don’t include random errors

1

AO3

6.5.4.3.3

07.6

the road conditions do not affect the thinking distance

1

AO3

6.5.4.3.2

6.5.4.3.3

08.1

force = mass × acceleration

1

08.2

force = 50 × 2

= 100

N/newtons

1

1

1

AO1

AO2

6.5.4.2.2

08.3

it doubles/is bigger

acceleration is proportional to force

1

1

AO3

6.5.4.2.2

09.1

when two objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite

or words to that effect

1

AO1

6.5.4.2.3

09.2

the exhaust gases pushing downwards

produces a force of equal magnitude acting in the opposite direction

or words to that effect

1

1

AO1

6.5.4.2.3

09.3

no

Newton’s third law applies to two different objects interacting and the student is talking about one object

or words to that effect

1

AO1

6.5.4.2.3

10

Example answer:

in both situations the forces are balanced

in both situations the Earth is exerting a force on the student/there is a gravitational force on the student acting down

the forces acting upwards result from interactions with different objects (water and sunbed)

but are the same size/magnitude in both cases

when floating, the upwards force is upthrust

when on the sunbed, the upwards force is the normal/reaction force

6

AO2

6.5.1.2

6.5.1.4

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