Oxford Revise AQA GCSE Chemistry | Chapter C16 answers

C16: Polymers

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Mark

AO / Specification reference

01.1

poly(ethene) – addition

polyester – condensation

poly(propene) – addition

polypeptide – condensation

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1

1

1

AO1

4.7.3.1

4.7.3.2

4.7.3.3

01.2

3 C atoms and 6 H atoms are drawn.

one C atom is joined to another C atom by = and is also joined to 2 H atoms by –

one C is joined to another C atom by = and is also joined to 1 H atom and a CH3 group by –

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AO2

4.7.3.1

01.3

poly(ethene)

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AO2

4.7.3.1

02.1

Z

1

AO3

4.7.3.3

02.2

W

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Ao3

4.7.3.4

02.3

Z and W

both letters required for the mark

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AO3

4.7.3.1

4.7.3.3

02.4

addition

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AO2

4.7.3.1

02.5

poly(butene)

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AO2

4.7.3.1

03.1

two

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AO2

4.7.3.1

03.2

water

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AO1

4.7.3.2

03.3

a rectangle attached to –OH on opposite ends

and another rectangle attached to –COOH on opposite ends

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AO1

4.7.3.2

04.1

2 C atoms, 3 H atoms and 1 Cl atom is drawn.

one C atom is attached to 2 H atoms and 1 C atom

one C atom is attached to 1 H atom, 1 Cl atom and 1 C atom.

all atoms are inside round brackets with – extending beyond the brackets.

subscript n to the right of the bracket.

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AO2

4.7.3.1

04.2

2 C atoms, 3 H atoms and 1 Cl atom is drawn

one C atom is joined to another C atom by = and joined to 2 H atoms by –

one C atom is joined to another C atom by = and joined to 1 H atom and 1 Cl atom by –

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AO2

4.7.3.1

04.3

100%

because every atom of reactant ends up in the product

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1

AO2

4.3.3.2

05.1

2 N atoms, 4 H atoms, 2 C atoms, 2 O atoms, 2 Cl atoms and 2 rectangles are drawn.

1 N atom is joined to 2 H atoms and 1 rectangle by –

1 N atom is joined to 2 H atoms, 1 rectangle and 1 C atoms by –

1 C atom is joined to 1 N atom, 1 Cl atom and 1 rectangle by – and is joined to 1 O atom by =

1 C atom is joined to 1 rectangle and 1 Cl atom by – and is joined to 1 O atom by =

all atoms are inside round brackets with – extending beyond the brackets

subscript n to the right of the bracket

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AO2

4.7.3.2

05.2

2 N atoms, 3 H atoms, 1 C atom, 2 O atoms and 1 rectangle is drawn.

one N atom is joined to 2 H and 1 rectangle by –

one C atom is joined to 1 rectangle and 1 OH group by – and is joined to O by =

all atoms are inside round brackets with – extending beyond the brackets

subscript n to the right of the bracket

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AO2

4.7.3.3

05.3

the monomers that make Figure 5 each have two of the same functional groups on one molecule

the monomers that make Figure 6 each have two different functional groups on one molecule

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AO2

4.7.3.2

06.1

it has a double bond between the two carbon atoms

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AO1

4.7.3.1

06.2

8 C atoms and 16 F atoms are drawn.

2 C atoms are joined to 1 C atom and 2 F atoms by – and has 1 – not attached to an atom

6 C atoms are joined to 2 C atoms and 2 F atoms

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AO2

06.3

poly(tetrafluroethene)

accept PTFR or teflon

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AO2

4.7.3.1

07.1

encodes genetic instructions for the development and dunctioning of living organisms (and viruses)

AO1

4.7.3.4

07.2

four

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AO1

4.7.3.4

07.3

(5 × 12) + (5 × 1) + (5 × 14) + 16

= 151

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AO2

4.3.2.1

08.1

A – alcohol

B – carboxylic acid

accept diol

accept dicarboxylic acid

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1

AO1

4.7.2.3

4.7.2.4

08.2

condensation

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AO1

4.7.3.2

08.3

H2O

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AO1

4.7.3.2

08.4

two

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AO3

4.7.3.2

08.5

(8 × 12) + (12 × 1) + (4 × 16)

= 172

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AO2

4.3.2.1

09.1

any suitable answer e.g., poly(ethene), poly(propene)

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AO1

4.7.3.1

09.2

one from:

  • polypeptide
  • proteins
  • starch
  • cellulose

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AO1

4.7.3.2

09.3

Level 3: The comparisons are detailed and accurate. The writing is clear, coherent and logical and comparisons are clearly made.

5-6

AO1

4.7.3.1

4.7.3.2

4.7.3.3

4.7.3.4

Level 2: The comparisons are generally correct, although may lack detail. The writing is mainly clear, although the structure may lack logic and comparisons are not always clear.

3-4

Level 1: Some comparisons are correct. The writing lacks clarity, coherence and logic, and the comparisons are not clearly expressed.

1-2

No relevant content.

0

Indicative content

  • addition monomers are alkenes/have double bonds
  • condensation – monomers
  • condensation – two functional groups on the monomers
  • addition – all atoms in the monomers end up in the product polymer
  • formation of condensation polymers results in formation of small molecules, such as water, as well as the polymer
  • condensation polymers include naturally occurring polymers such as polypeptides and proteins, and starch and cellulose

10.1

use a pipette instead of a measuring cylinder

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AO3

4.4.2.5

10.2

use a funnel

lower the burette

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1

AO3

4.4.2.5

10.3

too much indicator added/should be two or three drops

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AO3

4.4.2.5

10.4

39.95 – 20.70 = 19.25

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AO2

10.5

\(
\frac{{(18.20 + 18.30 + 18.25)}}{3} = 18.25{\rm{\ c}}{{\rm{m}}^3}
\)

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AO2

10.6

\(
\begin{array}{l}
\rm{moles\ }\rm{H}_2\rm{S}\rm{O}_4 = \frac{18.25}{1000} \times 0.1\\
= 1.825 \times {10}^{-3}\\
\rm{moles\ NaOH\ } = 1.825 \times 10^{-3} \times 2 = 3.65 \times 10^{-3}\\
\frac{3.65 \times 10^{-3}}{25} \times 1000\\
= 0.146\rm{\ mol/d}\rm{m}^3
\end{array}
\)

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AO2

4.4.2.5

11.1

X

1

AO3

4.2.4.1

11.2

W

1

AO3

4.2.4.1

11.3

3.4 × 103

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AO2

11.4

950 × 10−9

= 9.5 × 10−7

conversion to m

in standard form

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AO2

12.1

heptene

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AO2

12.2

heptanol

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AO2

12.3

C7H16

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AO1

12.4

boiling point of heptane is higher than ethane

because longer molecule

so greater intermolecular forces

as such, more energy needed to separate the molecules

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AO2

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