Oxford Revise AQA GCSE Combined Science Foundation | Chapter C14 answers

C14: Using the Earth’s resources

Question

Answers

Extra information

Mark

AO / Specification reference

01.1

coal

oil

natural gas

1

1

1

AO1

5.10.1.1

01.2

one from:

  • reduce the use of plastic in the manufacture of products
  • recycle plastic products
  • reuse plastic products (or use alternatives)

1

AO1

5.10.2.2

01.3

development that meets the needs of current generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

1

AO1

5.10.1.1

02.1

water that is safe to drink

1

AO1

5.10.1.2

02.2

filtering – remove objects such as leaves and twigs

sterilisation – kill harmful microbes

1

1

AO1

5.10.1.2

02.3

chlorine/ozone/UV light

1

AO1

5.10.1.2

02.4

green

accept orange

1

AO1

5.4.2.4

02.5

desalination

accept distillation or reverse osmosis

1

AO1

5.10.1.2

03.1

crushing and melting the jar to make a bottle

1

AO2

5.10.2.2

03.2

SiO2

CaCo3

sodium carbonate

1

1

1

AO2

5.1.1.1

03.3

reduced use of raw materials/less mining

reduced use of energy/less carbon dioxide made

reduced waste/less landfill

1

1

1

AO1

5.10.2.2

04.1

organic matter

harmful microbes

1

1

AO1

5.10.1.3

04.2

screening and grit removal (filtering)

sedimentation to make sewage sludge and effluent

anaerobic digestion of sludge

aerobic biological treatment of effluent

1

1

1

1

AO1

5.10.1.3

04.3

groundwater has smaller amounts of impurities in it/groundwater contains less organic matter and harmful microbes

1

AO1

5.10.1.3

05.1

universal indicator or pH paper or universal indicator paper

1

AO1

5.4.2.4

05.2

seven

1

AO1

5.4.2.4

05.3

salts

dissolved in the water

1

1

AO1

5.10.1.2

05.4

sample was not pure

1

AO2

5.10.1.2

05.5

\(
\begin{align}
& \frac{8}{100}\\
& 8\%
\end{align}
\)

1

AO2

5.10.1.2

05.6

no

pure water contains only water molecules

portable water has dissolved salts in it

1

1

1

AO1

5.10.1.2

06.1

it may have harmful substances in it (so must not be consumed)

1

AO2

5.10.1.3

06.2

two from:

  • sewage passes through a metal grid that filters out large objects
  • sewage is left so that solid settles out of the liquid and sinks to the bottom.
  • bacteria is added to sediment/sludge that digests (organic) matter anaerobically
  • bacteria added to liquid and break down any matter by aerobic respiration

One mark for each correct answer up to a maximum of two marks

2

AO1

5.10.1.3

06.3

less energy used/less carbon dioxide made

less chemicals needed to clean the water

less water removed from stores (ground water/sea water)

1

1

1

AO3

5.10.1.3

07.1

Level 3: Student lists the source of all three materials. Each material has at least one accompanying statement about the availability or processes involved in extracting/processing that material.

5-6

AO3

5.10.2.1

Level 2: Student lists the source of all three materials. Some statements on the availability or processes involved in extracting/processing that material, but not provided for every material or statements given are vague and incomplete.

3-4

Level 1: Some sources of the materials provided. Any statements given are vague, incomplete, or inaccurate.

1-2

No relevant content.

0

Indicative content:

  • sewage passes through a metal grid that filters out large objects
  • glass bottles are produced from sand (and calcium carbonate and sodium carbonate)
  • sand is widely available
  • lots of energy needed to heat sand
  • plastic (bottles) is made from crude oil
  • this is a finite resource
  • crude oil is in high demand
  • crude oil and plastics have associated environmental issues/description of environmental issues
  • aluminium (cans) extracted from metal ores
  • high cost of electricity for extraction/lots of carbon dioxide made
  • metals are a finite resource/mining damages habitats

07.2

student A

one from:

  • better to recycle metals and plastics as they are finite resources
  • recycling uses less energy than producing bottles and cans from the raw material

student B

one from:

  • recycling still uses lots of energy whereas reusing requires no energy/very little energy
  • recycling requires objects to be separated correctly by the public

marks are awarded for justification, not for choosing Student A or B.

accept a justified mixed answer, for example:

student A for metals and glass, and student B for plastics because metals and glass can be recycled multiple times without the material degrading, whereas plastics degrade when recycled.

accept other sensible answers.

1

AO3

07.3

one from:

  • transporting bottles/cans from factory to shops
  • waste products released in the manufacture of the bottles/cans
  • transporting raw material to factory

accept other sensible answers

1

AO2

5.10.2.1

07.4

biased/misleading

1

AO3

5.10.2.1

08.1

crude oil is a finite resource/causes pollution

1

AO1

5.10.1.1

08.2

decreasing

from 7.5 billion in 2015 to under one billion in 2018

1

1

AO3

5.10.1.1

08.3

Level 3: Advantages and disadvantages are described for both types of bag. A judgement is given with a detailed justification made. The writing is clear, coherent and logical.

5-6

5.10.2.1

Level 2: An advantage and a disadvantage of more than one type of bag is described. A judgement is given with some justification made. The writing is mainly clear, although the structure may lack logic.

3-4

Level 1: An advantage or disadvantage is described. The writing lacks clarity, coherence and logic.

1-2

No relevant content.

0

Indicative content:

plastic bags – good points

  • cheap
  • light
  • strong
  • can be recycled

plastic bags – bad points

  • goes to landfill
  • break easily
  • single use

canvas bags – good points

  • can be used multiple times
  • strong
  • not going to landfill

canvas bags – bad points

  • more expensive
  • need to remember to bring them

must be balanced between the four areas and have a justified opinion to get full marks

09.1

use a pipette instead of a beaker to measure the volume of water more accurately

1

1

AO3

5.10.1.2

09.2

wear eye protection

do not touch hot apparatus

1

1

AO3

5.10.1.2

09.3

A

1

AO3

5.10.1.2

09.4

C

greatest mass of dissolved solids/salts

1

1

AO2

AO3

5.10.1.2

10.1

top – 3rd

2nd – 2nd

3rd – 4th

4th – top

1

1

1

1

AO1

5.7.1.1

10.2

alkanes

1

AO1

5.7.1.1

10.3

CnH2n+2

1

AO1

5.7.1.1

10.4

viscosity increases as the size of the molecules increases

1

AO1

5.7.1.1

11.1

C

1

AO2

5.8.1.1

5.8.1.2

5.8.1.3

5.8.1.4

11.2

B

1

AO2

5.8.1.1

5.8.1.2

5.8.1.3

5.8.1.4

11.3

gas being tested for: carbon dioxide/CO2

observation: will not turn cloudy/no change

explanation: CO2 is not made/H2 is made

1

1

1

AO3

5.8.1.1

5.8.1.2

5.8.1.3

5.8.1.4

12.1

profile X

1

AO1

5.5.1.2

12.2

activation energy

1

AO1

5.5.1.2

12.3

A: products

B: reagents

C: progress of reaction

1

1

1

AO1

5.5.1.2

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