Oxford Revise AQA GCSE Combined Science Foundation | Chapter B16 answers

B16: Adaptation

Question

Answers

Extra information

Mark

AO / Specification reference

01.1

blubber – to stay warm

flippers – to swim

claws – to walk on ice

1 mark for one correct

2 marks for all correct

2

AO2

4.7.1.4

01.2

to prevent water entering the nose when diving

1

AO3

4.7.1.4

01.3

more blubber / thicker fur / white fur

1

AO3

4.7.1.4

01.4

to provide more insulation (as water will be colder) / for camouflage with ice

explanation must be linked to characteristic stated

1

AO3

4.7.1.4

02.1

have a thick layer of fat underneath skin

1

AO2

4.7.1.4

02.2

for camouflage in their different habitats

1

AO2

4.7.1.4

02.3

for insulation / to provide grip / to avoid slipping

1

AO3

4.7.1.4

03.1

food

space to hunt

water

1

1

1

AO1

4.7.1.1

03.2

light – to produce glucose by photosynthesis

water – for photosynthesis and to keep their cells rigid

space – so roots can absorb enough water and leaves can absorb enough light

minerals – for healthy growth

1 mark for one correct

2 marks for two or three correct

3 marks for all correct

3

AO1

4.7.1.1

03.3

interdependence

1

AO1

4.7.1.1

03.4

nectar

pollen

1

1

AO2

4.7.1.1

04.1

abiotic:

temperature

soil pH

biotic:

predators

presence of pathogens

1

1

AO2

4.7.1.2

04.2

increase

decrease

decrease

1

1

1

AO2

4.7.1.2

04.3

less growth / photosynthesis

1

AO2

4.7.1.2

05.1

length – enables them to maximise access to light

thorns – prevents them from being eaten

1

1

AO2

4.7.1.4

05.2

eaten by animals / birds

dispersed through droppings

1

1

AO2

4.7.1.4

05.3

reduces competition

for light / water / space / minerals / nutrients /water

1

1

AO2

4.7.1.4

06.1

habitat – place where an organism lives

community – group of different species that interact within an ecosystem

ecosystem – living organisms and physical conditions present in an area

population – total number of organisms of one species present in an area

1 mark for one correct

2 marks for two or three correct

3 marks for all correct

3

AO1

4.7.1.1

06.2

enables them to reproduce

enables to grow (provides energy for growth)

1

1

AO1

4.7.1.1

06.3

one from:

light

space

water

minerals

1

AO1

4.7.1.1

07.1

far away from

seed dispersal

increases

decreases

light

1

1

1

1

1

AO2

4.7.1.1

07.2

dandelion and sycamore – spread by wind

chestnut and tomato – spread by animals

2

2

AO2

4.7.1.4

07.3

sweet tasting / juicy / bright coloured

to encourage animals to eat it

1

1

AO3

4.7.1.4

08.1

animals and plants present in an ecosystem

1

AO1

4.7.1.1

08.2

one from:

temperature / light intensity / soil pH / water availability / oxygen availability / carbon dioxide availability / mineral availability

accept any other named abiotic factor

1

AO2

4.7.1.1

4.7.1.2

08.3

one from:

food availability / presence of predators / competition with other species / pathogens

accept any other named biotic factor

1

AO2

4.7.1.1

4.7.1.3

08.4

any two from:

light

space

water

minerals / mineral ions

2

AO2

4.7.1.1

08.5

Beech trees produce food by photosynthesis / provide shelter to increase probability of animals’ survival

1

AO2

4.7.1.1

09.1

thick fur – to stay warm

large ears – to detect predators

sharp claws – to catch prey

1 mark for one or two correct

2 marks for all correct

2

AO2

4.7.1.4

09.2

A

D

E

1

1

1

AO2

4.7.1.4

09.3

one from:

light / temperature / soil pH / soil mineral content / Wind intensity / carbon dioxide levels

1

AO1

4.7.1.2

10.1

habitat

1

AO2

4.7.1.1

10.2

mass of grass present

hunting

1

1

AO2

4.7.1.1

10.3

any two from:

mates – to produce new offspring / to pass on genes to the next generation

food – to survive

territory / space – for shelter / access to food / find mates

award 1 mark for the factor, and one for the linked explanation

accept any sensible answers

4

AO2

4.7.1.1

10.4

increased light intensity increases rate of photosynthesis so plants grow larger

more food available for deer

so deer population is able to increase

accept converse

1

1

1

AO2

4.7.1.2

4.7.1.3

11.1

Tom’s Diner

1

AO2

4.3.1.1

4.3.1.3

11.2

any two from:

food could become contaminated as open to the air

30C is not hot enough to kill most bacteria

bacteria likely to reproduce rapidly at 30C

2

AO2

4.3.1.1

4.3.1.3

11.3

any one from:

Water

Rest

Antibiotics

any sensible suggestion

1

AO1

4.3.1.8

11.4

bacteria require moisture to reproduce

1

AO2

4.3.1.1

4.3.1.3

11.5

any four from:

keep the person who has the disease in isolation

which prevents spread through droplet infection / touching

clean surfaces with an antiseptic

which kills / destroys the pathogen

wash hands when touching materials which have been in contact with contagious person

to minimise risk of ingesting pathogen

wear gloves / mask / protective clothing

to minimise risk of inhaling / ingesting pathogen

to award four marks, answers should include two suggested approaches and two explanations of how these minimise the risk of pathogen transmission

4

AO2

4.3.1.1

4.3.1.3

12.1

the genetic make-up of an organism / the genes that code for a particular characteristic

1

12.2

Mother's alleles
b b
Father's alleles B Bb Bb
B Bb Bb

1

12.3

0%

1

12.4

Bb

bb

1

1

12.5

male mouser: bb

female mouse: bb

1

1

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