Oxford Revise AQA GCSE Combined Science Foundation | Chapter B13 answers

B13: Variation

Question

Answers

Extra information

Mark

AO / Specification reference

01.1

D

B

A

E

C

1 mark for one correct

2 marks for two correct

3 marks for three or four correct

4 marks for all correct

4

AO2

4.6.2.3

01.2

greater mass of tomatoes produced – more profit produced

more fruit produced per plant – less land required to produce same number of tomatoes

sweeter tomatoes more in demand – higher price can be charged per tomato

2

AO3

4.6.2.3

01.3

disease resistance / pest resistance

because a natural resistance would prevent plants dying / plants would stay healthy, leading to high yield

1

1

AO3

4.6.2.3

02.1

All three bars plotted to the correct height

award one mark for one bar plotted to the correct height

2

AO2

4.6.2.1

Ms 4a

02.2

140 ≤ h < 160

1

AO2

4.6.2.1

MS 2f

02.3

both

1

AO2

4.6.2.1

02.4

for a person to reach their potential (inherited) height, they must eat an appropriate diet / receive adequate nutrition

1

AO2

4.6.2.1

03.1

new genes introduced / DNA modified

to give desired traits

1

1

AO1

4.6.2.4

03.2

A matching diagram that connects plant traits to their determinants. Large leaves are mapped to environmental. How tall it grows is mapped to both. Resistance to frost is mapped to genetic. Size of fruit is mapped to both.

4 marks for all correct

3 marks for 3 correct

2 marks for 2 correct

1 mark for 1 correct

4

03.3

one from:

quicker (than selective breeding) / only takes one generation

can be sure of trait becoming present in crop

1

AO2

4.6.2.4

04.1

differences in the characteristics of individuals within a population

1

AO1

4.6.2.1

04.2

fur colour / eye colour

1

AO2

4.6.2.1

04.3

size / height / body mass

puppies have the potential to grow to a certain size, but their size is also affected by how much they eat

1

1

AO2

4.6.2.1

04.4

one from:

raised likelihood of genetically inherited disorders/defects/health problems

reduction in genetic diversity

increased chance of inbreeding

1

AO1

4.6.2.3

05.1

species

offspring

variation

genes

environment

1

1

1

1

1

AO1

4.6.2.1

05.2

Human characteristic

Genetic variation

Environmental variation

Both

body mass

tattoo

blood group

intelligence

award one mark for each correct row

4

AO2

4.6.2.1

05.3

the child will inherit genes / genetic material / characteristics from both the mother and the father

Accept the child will receive a mixture of genes / genetic material from the mother and the father

1

AO2

4.6.2.1

06.1

genes

a different

reproduces

offspring

1

1

1

1

AO1

4.6.2.4

06.2

it can occur in one generation

it targets single genes

1

1

AO1

4.6.2.4

06.3

insulin producing bacteria / frost resistant tomatoes / disease resistant plants / pest resistant crops

accept any appropriate genetically engineered organisms

1

AO1

4.6.2.4

06.4

may cause allergies / health problems / may cross-breed with wild plants

do not accept unethical

1

AO3

4.6.2.4

07.1

breeding plants and animals for particular genetic characteristics

1

AO1

4.6.2.3

07.2

selective breeding decreases variation in a population

1

AO1

4.6.2.3

07.3

bigger grains/seed

accept more grains/seeds

1

AO2

4.6.2.3

07.4

plants with larger grains selected

cross pollinated / bred

seeds collected and offspring grown

process repeated over many generations

allow ecf

1

1

1

1

AO2

4.6.2.3

08.1

3.8–5.2 (cm)

Both figures required for the mark

Do not accept 1.4 cm

1

AO2

4.6.2.1

Ms 3a

08.2

5.5 (cm)

1

AO2

4.6.2.1

Ms 2a, 2f

08.3

larger

more

photosynthesis

1

1

1

AO3

4.6.2.1

08.4

both

1

AO3

4.6.2.1

09.1

cows – high milk production

sheep – thick coats

domestic dogs – gentle nature

rose – sweet smelling

1 mark for one correct

2 marks for two or three correct

3 marks for all correct

3

AO2

4.6.2.3

09.2

identifying parents with desired characteristics

repeating the breeding process for many generations

1

1

AO1

4.6.2.3

09.3

health problems / increased chance of inherited disease

Accept named health problem such as breathing difficulties in pugs

1

AO1

4.6.2.3

10.1

diabetes

1

AO1

4.6.2.4

10.2

genes

human

many

large

1

1

1

1

AO2

4.6.2.4

10.3

people may have religious /
cultural beliefs for not using animal products /
less chance of allergic reaction /
large quantities can be made more easily

Accept any other appropriate suggestions

1

AO3

4.6.2.4

10.4

one from:

crops / wheat

flowers

Accept any correct suggestion

Accept named crops/flowers

1

AO1

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